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» Other protected areas in the Kiskunság » The Körös-ér Nature Reserve
The Körös-ér Nature Reserve
 
The Kőrös-ér Nature Reserve was created on January 1, 2013. on the sandy and loess area of Mórahalom, Ásotthalom, Öttömös and Kelebia, on the area full of water covered hollows and likely to become sodic. Because of the changes in the landscape in the past centuries and past decades, the 2128 ha nature reserve consists of 13 mosaics.
 
These are the following:
 
The Nagyszéksós-tó in Mórahalom, which used to be a sodic lake, to be used later as a fishpond. Due to changes in the climate, a major part of it was covered by reeds, where the purple heron (Ardea purpurea), the great bittern (Botaurus stellaris) and the little bittern (Ixobrychus minutus) liked nesting. Since 2008 the lake has been trampled under foot and grazed by buffaloes, thus it has become a habitat characteristic of the landscape – open water in the spring and in early summer, later to change into a swamp. The loose-flowered orchid (Orchis laxiflora ssp. Palustris) continues to live undisturbed on the patches of grass around the lake.
 
 
The Madarász-tó occupies a large wind-blown hollow. Today it is used for fish breeding. This water bed has also been overgrown by sedge, rush and reed. More and more species of herons breed in the reeds. On the more shallow shores of the sodifying shore the piet ovocet (Recurvirostra avosetta) also breeds. Recently the mute swan (Cygnus olor) has also settled on the lake. As there are fish in abundance in the water, the otter has appeared here too.
 
The Csipak-semlyék – a soggy, temporarily water-covered hollow, meadow and sodifying area – is mainly known for its botanical values. The Siberian iris (Iris sibirica) and the spuria iris (I. spuria), the marsh gentian (Gentiana pneumonanthe), the loose-flowered orchid (Orchis laxiflora) and our rare orchid, the early spider orchid (Ophrys sphegodes) abound here.
 
The Tanaszi-semlyék lies on a higher elevation, is more varied and more mosaic-like than the ones described above. Its greatest value is the early spider orchid to be found there in tens of thousands. Here this species has unusually strong and high specimens. The loose-flowered orchid (Orchis laxiflora), and – on higher elevations – the cloth-of-gold crocus (Crocus reticulatus) are also common. Because of its special botanical values the Ásotthalmi Csodarét (Wonder Meadow of Ásotthalom) has been under national protection since 1990. The protected area is well-known under several names: it was called „Királyhalmi rét” (the king’s mound meadow) in memory of the visit Franz Josef I. paid to Szeged and Ásotthalom as they were being rebuilt after the big flood of 1879. It was called „Csodarét” in a thesis made here and this called the attention of specialists to the unique flora of the meadow. The Ásotthalmi Csodarét (Wonder Meadow of Ásotthalom) is the official name in the document which declared it to be protected, today everbody calls it Csodarét. The value of the area is in the richness of its spermatophytes. Twenty two rare, protected flowers blossom on the meadow. One of them is the strictly protected (Bulbocodium versicolor) and the marsh gladiolus (Gladiolus palustris) which grow in tens of thousands.
 
The Kissori-semlyék is another patch, a remnant of the formerly extended marshlands. The water-connected plant species – rare elsewhere – like the loose-flowered orchid (Orchis laxiflora, are still common here. Frequent members of the amphibious and reptile fauna are the common newt (Triturus vulgaris), the fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) the green- lizard (Lacerta viridis) and the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis), the grass snake (Natrix natrix) and the pond turtle (Emys orbicularis).
 
The northern part of the Rívói-erdő is a planted oak and grey poplar forest with clearings. In its undergrowth szórv cloth-of-gold crocus (Crocus reticulatus), spring meadow saffron (Bolbocodium vernum) and pheasant`s eye (Adonis vernalis). Its southern part – along the Körös-ér – is a typical swamp area full of willows.
Ásotthalmi Emlékerdő: No major human intervention has taken place in this natural poplar forest since 1944. It is a characteristic drying sandy habitat with a receding stock of trees, and on the clearings sparse plant species multiply, such as bunchgrass (Stipa boristhenica), the (Dianthus serotinus) and the (D. diathinus).
The Bogárzó is a low-lying water covered hollow area outside Ásotthalom along the eponemous canal. The canal is lined with planted and natural forests. The old decaying willows of the clearings are a picturesque sight. From a botanical point of view the (Spirea crenata) and the broad-leaved helleborine. (Epipactis helleborine) are of special interest.
 
Magyari-erdő (Magyari Forest) and the Átokházi tőzegbánya (peat mine of Átokháza). On this rather varied area several habitats can be found, ranging from – in line with the topographical conditions – the extremely dry sand mound tops to open water. The major part of the Magyari-erdő is planted pine forest, the rest are stages of sand successions. Its typical species are the dyers` bugloss (Alcanna tinctoria), the sand osnoma (Onosma arenaria), and the bunchgrass (Stipa borysthenica). The peatmine has enriched the habitat with open water surfaces, but divided a type of habitat – already rare here – the bog. The pits of the peat mine feature white water lily (Nymphaea alba), whereas there is a rich shore phytocoenosis in the shallow waters. The tench (Tinca tinca), the rare European mudminnow (Umbra cameri) and the loach (Misgurnus fossilis) live in the pits. The water is a preferred breeding and feeding place for heron and duck species.
 
The Baromjárás in Öttömös is a four hundred hectare remnant of the old large sandy pastures. On its area with sand mounds we can find low-lying reeds and sodifying patches as well. The Baromjárás is already under local protection and its use for extensive grazing provides hope that its values will remain.
The fishponds of Kelebia and forests are at the western most part of the nature reserve. The water supply of its ponds is irregular, so the open water surfaces have practically disappeared, the former pond beds have become overgrown with grass. The ponds that are filled with water when the precipitation increases, are feeding places for herons and egrets. There are varied and rich colonies of prey and singing birds in the planted and semi-natural forests. The area in the vicinity dotted with natural patches of forests is used both as a hay field and grazing ground.
 
Bácsborista is a patch of pasture on the sand between planted forests outside Kelebia, where the number of sand saffron (Colchicum arenarium) and of cloth-of-gold crocus (Crocus reticulatus) exceeds the tens of thousands.
 
 
Nature trails and walks in the Körös-ér Nature Reserve
 
Ásotthalom, Csodarét nature trail
As we walk 3 km from the centre of Mórahalom on the Kissori road, there is a sign indicating the dirt road leading to the School of Királyhalom. There is a sign indicating the beginning of the nature trail. On our circular walk in the Csodarét a little map gives us information at every stop. The nature trail is 4 km long, and it starts at the School of Királyhalom. It is worth visiting between March and October. The information signs are in Hungarian, English and Serbian. It is recommended to take waterproof shoes and binoculars.
GPS: 46° 11’ 42,390”; 19° 50’ 35,570”
 
Mórahalom, Nagyszéksós-tó, Bölömbika nature trail
The nature trail starts from the side of the reeds around the lake next to the Kulcsosház at the Nagyszéksós-tó. The nature trail is 3 km, it is worth walking along it between March and October. The information signs are in Hungarian, English and Serbian.
GPS: 46° 12’ 44,297”; 19° 57’ 0,329”
 
Mórahalom, Csipak nature trail
From the centre of Mórahalom walk down the Kissori út to get to the sign marking the beginning of the Csipak nature trail. From the end of the nature trail walk another 1.5 km to the Zöld Közösségi Ház, where there is a permanent exhibition and accommodation. Its length is 3 km, the information signs are in Hungarian, English, and Serbian. The recommended visiting period is March-October.
GPS: 46° 11’ 15,732”; 19° 53’ 33,961”
 
 
   
 
2014. 12. 11. Oldal nyomtatása
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